To function optimally, our microbiome needs a diverse diet. However, modern agriculture has contributed to a loss of diversity, with about 75 percent of the world’s population consuming only five animal species and 12 plant species. Of those 12, rice, maize and wheat contribute 60 percent of all the calories. One way to avoid obesity, Type 2 diabetes, gastrointestinal problems and other diseases, may be to make sure you have a diverse diet.