BY THE OPTIMIST DAILY EDITORIAL TEAM
In a year marked by rapid change, scientific progress gave us reasons to wonder, dream, and keep pushing forward. For our Best of 2025 Science roundup, we’re celebrating the breakthroughs that didn’t just advance human knowledge; they sparked possibility, opened new frontiers, and reminded us why curiosity is a superpower.
For millions of people living with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), effective treatments can be elusive, and full recovery often feels out of reach. But a promising new therapy developed by researchers in Texas could be changing that narrative by targeting a nerve in the neck no bigger than a strand of spaghetti.
The therapy combines a tiny, button-sized device that stimulates the vagus nerve with a well-established psychological treatment called prolonged exposure therapy (PET). In a small Phase 1 trial, all nine participants were entirely symptom-free six months after treatment ended.
“In a trial like this, some subjects usually do get better, but rarely do they lose their PTSD diagnosis,” said Dr. Michael Kilgard, a neuroscience professor at the University of Texas at Dallas and a co-author of the study published in Brain Stimulation. “In this case, we had 100 percent loss of diagnosis. It’s very promising.”
How it works: rewiring trauma with precision
The vagus nerve, the largest in the parasympathetic nervous system, helps regulate key automatic functions like heart rate, digestion, and mood. It’s long been a target for treating conditions like epilepsy and depression. Now, researchers are turning to it for PTSD.
The new treatment augments PET, a form of cognitive behavioral therapy where patients revisit traumatic memories in a controlled, safe space. PET works by gradually reshaping the brain’s fear response, but adding vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) appears to supercharge that process.
VNS is believed to enhance synaptic plasticity, the brain’s ability to rewire itself. PET highlights which connections need change, while VNS provides a chemical nudge through neuromodulators like acetylcholine and norepinephrine. The combination, researchers say, helps the brain let go of fear responses more deeply and lastingly.
Small device, big impact
In the Phase 1 trial, participants received 12 VNS sessions alongside PET. The stimulator, fitted on the neck, delivered brief electrical impulses to the vagus nerve. Researchers followed up with participants four times over six months, and the results remained consistent: no PTSD symptoms.
While larger studies are needed, this is an encouraging signal. “Typically, the majority will have this diagnosis for the rest of their lives,” said Dr. Kilgard. “To see complete loss of diagnosis in every participant is extraordinary.”
The team also engineered a new implantable version of the VNS device, about the size of a dime, which could make delivery even more precise and accessible in the future.
A growing toolkit for trauma recovery
This nerve-based therapy joins a growing array of innovative treatments being explored for PTSD, including psychedelics, targeted exercise, mindfulness programs, and even cognitive games like Tetris. Each new tool offers hope for individuals who don’t respond to standard therapies.
The Texas research team is already advancing to a Phase 2 trial, expanding testing to participants in Dallas and Austin. Their hope is that this technique can become a viable option for those who haven’t found relief through traditional cognitive behavioral therapy alone.
With care, science, and a little electric spark, healing from trauma may be more within reach than ever before.
Source study: Brain Stimulation— Vagus nerve stimulation therapy for treatment-resistant PTSD
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